The decision to use an underground versus an overhead system involves a careful balance of factors, including initial cost, long-term reliability, and aesthetics.

Advantages of underground Distribution:

• Aesthetics: The absence of poles and wires preserves the landscape, making it the preferred choice for new residential and commercial developments.

• Reliability: Underground systems are highly protected from severe weather, wildlife, and traffic accidents, which significantly reduces the frequency of power outages.

• Safety: The risk of accidental contact with energized lines is eliminated, dramatically improving public safety.

Disadvantages of Underground Distribution:

• Higher Cost: The initial installation cost for an underground system is often 3 to 10 times higher than for an equivalent overhead system due to extensive civil work and specialized equipment.

• Difficult Maintenance: While less frequent, repairs to underground systems are more difficult and time-consuming. Locating a fault requires specialized fault-locating equipment, and repairs often involve excavation, leading to longer service interruptions.